Astigmatism
Astigmatism is a very common refractive (focusing) error. It occurs when the front curvature portion of the cornea is shaped somewhat oval (like a football) rather than round (like a baseball). The two different curves in such a corneal surface each bend light rays to a separate focus point. Astigmatism correction makes all the rays of light focus at the same distance so that they all fall correctly on the retina. Small degrees of astigmatism do not impact vision significantly, but with medium and larger amounts, distortion and blur occur. Astigmatism can occur alone as the sole optical error, or may occur together with either myopia or hyperopia. The categories of severity for astigmatism are:

• Mild astigmatism < 1.00 diopters
• Moderate astigmatism 1.00 to 3.00 diopters
• Severe astigmatism 3.00 to higher diopters

To learn about Presbyopia, click here.

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