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Retinoblastoma, a malignant tumor that grows in the retina,
the layer of light-sensing cells in the back of the eye, can
destroy a child's vision and be fatal. Affecting children
of all races, boys and girls equally, retinoblastoma occurs
in one or both eyes, usually in the first year or two of life.
The most common sign is a change in the color of the pupil,
which can appear white in reflected light. This phenomenon
is referred to as a cat's eye reflex. Sometimes the affected
eye will cross or turn outward. Retinoblastoma can be hereditary
and is more likely to develop in children with a family
history of the disease.
With early diagnosis, retinoblastoma treatment is remarkably
effective. More than 90% of children survive and many eyes
are saved with a combination of medications, radiation therapy,
and heat, freezing, or laser treatments. In severe cases,
the affected eye is removed.
If a child has had retinoblastoma there is an increased
chance for a second cancer to develop. Children with retinoblastoma
should have regular examinations by an ophthalmologist and
a pediatric oncologist.
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